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(older than

  • 1 πρέσβυς

    πρέσβῠς, Pi.P.4.282, A.Ag. 530, εως or εος (v. infr. 11), ὁ, voc.
    A

    πρέσβῠ E.Or. 476

    , Ar.Th. 146:— old man (poet. for prose πρεσβύτης), in this sense only used in nom., acc., and voc.,

    ὁ π. Πόλυβος S.OT 941

    ;

    Φοῖνιξ ὁ π. Id.Ph. 562

    ;

    δριμὺς π. Ar.Av. 255

     (lyr.);

    πατέρά πρές βυν S.Ph. 665

    ;

    πρέσβυ Id.OT 1013

    , 1121;

    ὦ πρέσβυ E.

     l. c., Ar. l. c.;

    ὁ π.

     the elder,

    A. Ag. 184

     (lyr.), 205 (lyr.), 530; cf. πρέσβα, πρέσβειρα, πρεσβηΐς, πρέσβις: pl. πρέσβεις, elders, three times in Trag., always voc. (v. infr. 111), A. Pers. 840, S.OT 1111, E.HF 247; for πρεσβῆ, πρεσβῆες, πρισγεῖες, v. πρεσβεύς: [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. are the only forms found in Hom., [comp] Comp. πρεσβύτερος, α, ον (late

    πρεσβυτερωτέρα PLond.2.177.15

     (i A. D.)), elder, Il.11.787, 15.204, Hdt.2.2, etc.; πλεῖν ἢ 'νιαυτῷ by more than a year, Ar.Ra.18; πρεσβυτέρα ἀριθμοῦ older than the fit number, Pi. Fr. 127; βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι thy counsels wise beyond thy years, Id.P.2.65;

    γνώμη π. τῆς ἡλικίας D.H.5.30

    ;

    οἱ σοφοὶ καὶ π. Arist.EE 1215a23

    ; of animals, Id.HA 546a7;

    ἵππος π. ἤδη ὤν

     rather old,

    PCair.Zen. 225.8

     (iii B. C.); also

    δένδρα π. Thphr.CP1.13.8

    ; ἐπὶ τὸ π. ἰέναι become older, Pl.Lg. 631e;

    ἵνα μὴ π. ὢν ῥέμβωμαι

     in my old age, PCair. Zen.

    447.9

     (iii B. C.): [comp] Sup. πρεσβύτατος, η, ον, eldest, Il.4.59, 11.740, Hes.Th. 234, etc.;

    π. γενεῇ Il.6.24

    ; as a term of respect,

    ἐγὼ παλαιότατός εἰμι σὺ δὲ π. Plu.Nic.15

    ; of animals, Arist.HA 546a4, al.: for the poet. forms πρέσβιστος, πρεσβίστατος, v. πρέσβιστος, and cf. πρεῖγυς.
    2 [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup., of things, more or most important, taking precedence, esp. πρεσβύτερόν τι (or οὐδὲν) ἔχειν deem higher, more important,

    τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ἐποιεῦντο ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν Hdt. 5.63

    ;

    οὐδὲν πρεσβύτερον νομίζω τᾶς σωφροσύνας E.Fr. 959

     (lyr.);

    ἐμοὶ οὐδέν ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ.. Pl.Smp. 218d

    ;

    πρεσβύτατον κρἰναί τι Th. 4.61

    ; merely of magnitude, πρεσβύτερον κακοῦ κακόν one evil greater thananother, S.OT 1365 (lyr.);

    χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα Pl.Lg. 717b

    . Adv.,

    - τέρωσγυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι Id.R. 548c

    , cf. Jul. Or.4.132c.
    II = πρεσβευτής, ambassador, in nom. sg. only cj. in A. Supp. 727 (v. πρέσβη) and in Prov. ap. Sch.Il.4.394 (v. πρέσβις (A)); gen.

    πρέσβεως Ar.Ach.93

     (at end of line);

    πρέσβεος Choerob. in Theod. 1.233

    : dual πρέσβει (written πρεσβε) IG12(1).977.45,57 (Carpathos, iv B. C.): pl. πρέσβεις, [dialect] Dor. un[var] contr. πρέσβεες ib.14.952.11 (Acragas, iii B. C.) (at first more freq. than πρεσβευταί (q. v.)), Ar.Ach.61, IG12.52.1, 22.1.20, al., D.19.183; acc.

    πρέσβεις IG12.46.24

    , Foed. ap. Th.4.118, X.HG4.8.13; gen. πρέσβεων, dat. πρέσβεσι, Ar.Ach.76,62, IG22.1.7.
    III at Sparta a political title, president, τῶν ἐφόρων ib.5(1).51.6, 552.11; νομοφυλάκων ib.555b19; βιδέων ib.556.6; συναρχίας ib.504.16; τῆς φυλῆς ib.564.3; [ σφαιρέων] ib.675.5; gen. sg. πρέσβεως ib. 504.16, al.
    2 [comp] Comp. πρεσβύτερος, elder, alderman,

    τῆς κώμης BGU 195.30

     (ii A. D., pl.), cf. POxy.2121.4 (iii A. D.), etc.;

    ἐκρίθημεν ἐπί τε Νουμηνίου καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν π. PCair.Zen.520.4

     (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ124.22, 36 (ii B. C.); τοῖς ἱερεῦσι καὶ ( both)

    τοῖς π. καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πᾶσι OGI194.3

     (Egypt, i B. C.); οἱ π. τῶν ὀλυροκόπων ib.729 (Alexandria, iii B. C.);

    π. τῶν γεωργῶν PTeb.13.5

     (ii B. C.);

    π. γέρδιοι IGRom.1.1122

     (Theadelphia, ii A. D.); τέκτονες π. ib.1155 (Ptolemaïs Hermiu, i A. D.): elder of the Jewish Sanhedrin, Ev.Matt.16.21, etc.; later, elder of the Christian Church, presbyter, Act.Ap.11.30, 20.17, 1 Ep.Ti.5.19, POxy.1162.1 (iv A. D.), etc.; of the Apostles, 2 Ep.Jo.1.1, 3 Ep.Jo.1.1.
    IV wren, Arist.HA 609a17, 615a19, Hsch.; cf. σπέργυς. (-βυ-, Cret. - γυ- (in πρεῖγυς), cogn. with Skt. -gu in vanar-gú- 'one who lives or moves in the forest', Lith. žmogùs 'man' (lit. 'one who moves on the ground'); πρες- cogn. with Lat.prae, pris-tinus; the oldest sense of π. is 'going in front, taking precedence'.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρέσβυς

  • 2 τρινακρία

    τρῑνακρία, ἡ, an old name of Sicily, older than Σικανία acc. to Th. 6.2; older than Θρινακία acc. to Str.6.2.1:—Adj. [full] Τρῑνάκριος, α, ον, Call.Fr.18, etc.; fem. [full] Τρῑνακρίς, ίδος, Opp.H.3.627.—Also written [full] Τρῑνᾰκίη, D.P.467, Eust. ad loc.
    II [full] Τρῑναχία (sic Pap.), ἡ, triple, as epith. of the Moon-goddess, PMag.Par.1.2525; written Θρινακία ib. 2822.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τρινακρία

  • 3 προγενής

    προγενής, ές gen. οῦς born in early times, primeval comp. προγενέστερος, α, ον older (Hom. et al.; Theodotus [II B.C.] in Eus., PE 9, 22, 3=Denis p. 205, 27; Tat. 41, 1 [comp.]) τινός than someth. of the Son of God πάσης τῆς κτίσεως αὐτοῦ προγενέστερος older than his whole creation Hs 9, 12, 2.—DELG s.v. γίγνομαι.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > προγενής

  • 4 ἀριθμός

    ᾰριθμός (-οῦ, -όν)
    1 number

    ἐπεὶ ψάμμος ἀρᾰθμὸν περιπέφευγεν O. 2.98

    ὡς μὰν σαφὲς οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν O. 13.46

    τὰ δ' οἴκοι μάσσον ἀριθμοῦ N. 2.23

    μὴ πρεσβυτέραν ἀριθμοῦ δίωκε, θυμέ, πρᾶξιν i. e. a conduct older than the number of your years: of an older man fr. 127.

    Lexicon to Pindar > ἀριθμός

  • 5 πρέσβυς

    πρέσβυς (- υς: comp. -υτέρων, -υτέραν, -ύτεραι: superl. - ύτατον.)
    1 old

    ἐν παισὶν νέος, ἐν δὲ βουλαῖς πρέσβυς P. 4.282

    comp.,

    οἷον δ' ἐν Μαραθῶνι συλαθεὶς ἀγενείων μένεν ἀγῶνα πρεσβυτέρων ἀμφ ἀργυρίδεσσιν O. 9.90

    βουλαὶ δὲ πρεσβύτεραι ἀκίνδυνον ἐμοὶ ἔπος παρέχοντι his policies, those of an older man P. 2.65 μὴ πρεσβυτέραν ἀριθμοῦ δίωκε, θυμέ, πρᾶξιν ? conduct older than your years fr. 127. 3. superl.

    εἶς μὲν Κάμιρον πρεσβύτατόν τε Ἰάλυσον ἔτεκεν Λίνδον τ O. 7.74

    Lexicon to Pindar > πρέσβυς

  • 6 προφερής

    προφερής, ές, ([etym.] προφέρω) poet. Adj.,
    A carried before, placed before, excelling, c. gen.,

    ἀλλάων προφερής τ' ἦν πρεσβυτάτη τε Hes.Sc. 260

    : Hom. only [comp] Comp. (exc. [comp] Sup.,

    ἅλματι.. πάντων προφερέστατος Od.8.128

    ), more excellent,

    τῶν δ' ἄλλων ἐμέ φημι πολὺ προφερέστερον εἶναι Od.8.221

    : c. dat. rei,

    βίῃ προφερέστερος 21.134

    : c. inf., [

    ἡμίονοι] βοῶν προφερέστεραί εἰσιν ἑλκέμεναι Il.10.352

    : [comp] Sup.,

    προφερεστάτη ἐστὶν ἁπασέων Hes.Th.79

    , 361 (where it is commonly interpreted eldest);

    ἀνὴρ προφερέστατος ἀνδρῶν IG14.935

    , cf. Theoc.17.4; ἡνιόχων π. IG14.1628, cf. Epigr.Gr. 435 ([place name] Trachonitis); also [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup., προφέρτερος, προφέρτατος in the sense of older, eldest, S.Fr. 447, OC 1531.
    II looking older than one is, well-grown, Pl.Euthd. 271b, cf. Aeschin.1.49; of plants and young persons, forced, premature, precocious, τὰ π. Aristox. ap. Stob.4.37.4, cf. Iamb.VP31.209.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προφερής

  • 7 ὄρνεον

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `bird' (Ν 64).
    Compounds: A few late compp., e.g. ὀρνεο-θηρευτική f. `the art of bird-catching' (Ath.). -- Often as 1. member, e.g. ὀρνιθο-θήρας m. `bird-catcher' (Ar., Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 93 a. 99), ὀρνιχο-λόχος m. `id.' (Pi.). Also as 2. member, e.g. δύσ-ορνις `with bad auspices' (A., E., Plu.), πολυ-όρνιθος `rich of birds' (E.).
    Derivatives: Besides ο῎ρνῑ̆ς, -ῑθος etc. (Il.), acc. sg. also - ιν, pl. also - εις, -ῑς (trag., D.), Dor. -ῑχος etc. (Pi., Alcm., B., Theoc., Cyrene), dat. pl. - ίχεσσι and - ιξι, to which nom. sg. - ιξ, gen. pl. - ίκων (hell. pap.) m. f. `(augural) bird', young-Att. esp. `hen, cock' (Wackernagel Unt. 165 w. n.1). - From it ὀρνε-ώδης `bird-like' (Plu.), - ώτης m. `bird-catcher' (Poll.), - ακός `avian' (Tz.), - άζομαι `to twitter' (Aq.), `to hold one's head up high' ("watching the birds", Com. Adesp.). Several derivv.: 1. Dimin. ὀρνίθ-ιον (IA.), - άριον (com., Arist.), also ὀρν-ύφιον (from ὄρνεον?; Thphr., Dsc.). Further subst. 2. - ᾶς, -ᾶ m. `poulterer' (pap. II--VIp; Schwyzer 461 w. lit.); 3. - ίαι m. pl. "bird-winds", which bring migratory birds (Ion., Arist.), χειμὼν -ίας (Ar.); cf. ἐτησίαι a.o. (Chantraine Form. 95); - ίας m. `bird-fancier' (Lib.); - ίων m. PN (Att.); 4. - ών, - ῶνος m. `henhouse' (inscr., pap.); 5. - ία f. `poisoning by bird dung' ( Hippiatr.; Scheller Oxytonierung 44). Adj. 6. - ειος `of a bird, of a chicken' (Att.); 7. - ικός `belonging to birds, hens' (Luc.); 8. τὰ -ιακά name of a work on birds by D. P. (on the formation Schwyzer 497 w. lit.); 9. - ώδης `bird-like' (Arist.). Verbs 10. - εύω `to catch birds' (X.), - εύομαι `to watch the birds, auspicari' (D.H.) with - εία f. `auspicium' (Plb.), - ευτής m. `bird-catcher' (Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 62), - ευτική f. `the art of bird-catching' (Pl.); 11. - όομαι `to be changed into a bird' (Philoch.); 12. - ιάζω `to speak the language of birds' (sch. Ar. Av.). -- Further ὄρν-ιος = ὀρνίθ-ειος (AP), ὀρν-ίζω `to twitter' (Aq., uncertain; cf. ὀρνεάζομαι ab.). -- On itself stands ὀρναπέτιον n. (Boeot., Ar. Ach. 913; hypocor.-contempting) with unclear α; cf. further κινώπετον, ἑρπετόν a.o., also Bechtel Dial. 1, 308. -- On the diff. formations s. Robert Mél. Niedermann (Neuchâtel 1944) 67ff.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [315] * h₂or-en-? (or * h₃er-en-) `bird'
    Etymology: Both ὄρν-εον and ὄρν-ῑ-ς go back on a ν-stem (in ὄρν-εον enlarged with a prob. genderindicating ε(ι)ο-suffix ( τὰ ὄρνεα older than τὸ ὄρνεον? Chantraine Form. 62; cf. Risch $ 49 a); diff. Wackernagel Unt. 165 n. 1 (stem -neu̯o-). The more usual ὄρν-ῑ-ς is an orig. feminine ῑ-deriv. (cf. Schwyzer 465 a. 573), to which analogic. or popular θ- resp. χ-suffixes were added (Schw. 510 u. 496, Chantraine Form. 366 a. 377; but s. below). The for Greek to be assumed n-stem is found back in Germ. and Hitt. word for `eagle', e.g. Goth. ara (gen. * arin-s), OWNo. are and ǫrn (\< * arn-u- with u-flexion), OE earn etc., Hitt. ḫara-š, gen. ḫaran-aš, IE * or-(e\/ o-)n-. With this interchanges an l-stem in Balto-Slavic, z.B. Lith. erẽl-is, arẽl-is, OCS orьl-ъ, Russ. orël `eagle'. Further forms, also from Armen. and Celt., in WP. 1, 135, Pok. 325f., Fraenkels. erẽlis, Vasmer s. orël; w. rich lit.; older lit. also in Bq. - The suffixes -ῑθ-, -ῑχ- may be Pre-Greek.
    Page in Frisk: 2,421-422

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρνεον

  • 8 πρεσβεύω

    πρεσβ-εύω, [tense] pf.
    A

    πεπρέσβευκα Ar.Ach. 610

    , D.19.310:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.

    ἐπρεσβευσάμην Th.1.92

    , etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. πεπρέσβευμαι (v. infr.):
    I prop. of age,
    1 intr., to be the elder or eldest, S.OC 1422;

    οἱ ἀεὶ πρεσβεύοντες Pl.Lg. 951e

    : c. gen. pers., to be older than, be the eldest of a number,

    τῶν προτέρων ἐπρέσβευε Hdt.7.2

    ;

    π. τῶν ἄλλων κατὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν Timae. 114

    ; π. ἀπ' αὐτοῦ to be his eldest son, Th.6.55; of wine,

    πολλαῖς π. ἐτέων.. ὥραις Archestr.Fr.60.2

    ;

    π. τοῖς χρόνοις τὰ ἡρωικά Ath.1.19a

    : hence,
    b take the first place, be best, S.Ant. 720; οἷσι πρεσβεύει γένος, of the male sex, E.Heracl.45.
    c c. gen., rank before, take precedence of others,

    π. τῶν πολλῶν πόλεων Pl.Lg. 752e

    : hence, rule over,

    Ολύμπου π. S.Aj. 1389

    ;

    Ἴναχε.. μέγα πρεσβεύων Ἄργους γύαις Id.Fr. 270

     (anap.); also, have at one's command or disposal, c. gen., καὶ εἰ ( καὶ σὺ Kaibel)

    τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ πρεσβεύεις Ath.8.352d

    .
    2 trans., place as oldest or first, put first in rank,

    πρῶτον.. πρεσβεύω θεῶν Γαῖαν A.Eu.1

    : hence, pay special honour or worship to,

    πρῶτον τόνδε πρεσβεύσω τάφον Id.Ch. 488

    , cf.S.Tr. 1065, Pl.Smp. 186b; joined with

    τιμῶ Id.Cri. 46c

    ;

    τὰ δίκαια πρὸ παντὸς ἰδίου συμφέροντος Plu.Luc.3

    , cf. Arr. An.6.30.3:—[voice] Pass., hold the first place,

    Παλλὰς.. ἐν λόγοις π. A.Eu. 21

    ; ὁ δ' ὕστατός γε τοῦ χρόνου π. is first in point of time, Id.Ag. 1300: c. gen., κακῶν πρεσβεύεται τὸ Αήμνιον is most notable of mischiefs, Id.Ch. 631 (lyr.); τὸ πρεσβύτερον τοῦ νεωτέρου ἐστὶ πρεσβευόμενον is more honoured than.., Pl.Lg. 879b.
    b later, cultivate arts, etc.,

    διαλεκτικόν, τὸ.. τοὺς λόγους πρεσβεῦον D.L.1.18

    ;

    π. παρὰ Ῥοδίοις ἃ μήπω ἐγίγνωσκον Philostr.VS1

     Praef.;

    πόλις ὄρχησιν μάλιστα πρεσβεύουσα Luc.Salt.76

    .
    II to be an ambassador or serve as one, IG12.135.5;

    ἀπὸ Κορίνθου Hdt.5.93

    ;

    εἰς Θετταλίαν And.4.41

    ; παρά or πρός τινα, Pl.Chrm. 158a, X.Cyr.5.1.3; τινος for one, E.Heracl. 479: abs., Ar. Ach. 610, etc.: c. acc. cogn.,

    ἃς ἐπρέσβευσεν [εἰς Θήβας] πρεσβείας Din.1.16

    .
    b at Rome, act as legatus, Plu.Sull.4.
    2 c. acc. objecti, π. εἰρήνην negotiate peace, And.3.23, Isoc.4.177, D.19.134, etc.; π. ὑπὲρ τουτωνὶ τὰ βέλτιστα ib.189; π. πολλὰ καὶ δεινά ibid.:— [voice] Pass., τὰ αὑτῷ πεπρεσβευμένα his negotiations, ib.20; πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ πεπρεσβεῦσθαι ib.240.
    3 [voice] Med., send ambassadors, ἐς χωρία, ἐς τὴν Θουρίαν, Th.2.7, 6.104;

    πρεσβεύεσθαι παρά τινας Id.4.41

    , etc.;

    πρός τινας Id.1.126

    ;

    ἐς Αακεδαίμονα περὶ καθόδου Id.3.85

    .
    b go as ambassador, Id.5.39.
    III c. acc. rei, represent, urge, maintain, Luc.Pisc.23; [ δόγματα] Gal.6.753;

    τὴν ὄψιν κατὰ εἰσδοχὴν π. Olymp. in Mete. 5.6

    : c. inf., κατὰ ἐκπομπὴν εἶναι τὴν ὄψιν ib. 10.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρεσβεύω

  • 9 μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα

    + A 122-200-145-193-257=916 Gn 1,16(bis).21; 10,12; 12,2
    great, big Gn 1,16; (full-,,)grown Gn 38,11; high Eccl 10,6; deep 2 Sm 18,17 (secundo); old, adult Jer 38(31),34; great, strong (of feelings) 2 Kgs 23,26; great, loud Gn 27,34; great, hard (intensity of plagues) Gn 12,17; grave (of sins) Gn 20,9; great, mighty Jdt 16,13; great, weighty, big, boastful Dn 7,11; great, important 1 Mc 4,25; steadfast, lasting 1 Mc 13,37; μέγα loud (as adv. with a verb) Ex 19,16; long (in time, id.) TobBA 9,4; broadly (id.) Prv 18,11
    μέγας ὑπὲρ ἐμέ older than me 1 Kgs 2,22; ὁ ποταμὸς ὁ μέγας the great river, the principal river, the Euphrates Dt 1,7; ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν the highest-ranking priest among his fellows Lv 21,10; ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου from small to great, small and great, from young to old 1 Sm 30,19
    see μέγιστος and μείζων
    Cf. HARLÉ 1988, 178;
    [*] ЧCKANE 1986 654-656(Jer 32(25),38); WEVERS 1995 396(Dt 25,13); →TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα

  • 10 θρασύς

    θρᾰσύς, εῖα, ύ, fem. θρασέα, metri gr., Philem.20 (s.v.l.):—
    A bold, chiefly of persons, Il.8.89, etc.; also

    θ. πόλεμος 6.254

    , 10.28, Od.4.146;

    θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν 5.434

    , Il.17.662, al.;

    θ. καρδία Pi.P.10.44

    ;

    πούς Ar.Ra. 330

    (lyr.);

    ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ ἔργῳ θρασύς Hdt.7.49

    ; ἡ ἐλπὶς θρασεῖα τοῦ μέλλοντος full of confidence, Th.7.77;

    θρασὺς τὸ ἦθος Arist.Pol. 1315a11

    .
    2 more freq. in bad sense, over-bold, rash,

    σὺν δ' ὁ θ. εἵπετ' Ὀδυσσεύς Od.10.436

     (Sch. προπετής)

    ; Γοργόνες Pi.P.12.7

    ; audacious, arrogant, insolent, A.Pr. 180 (lyr.), Ar.Nu. 445 (anap.), etc.; Ἄρης.. πρὸς ἀλλήλους θ., of civil war, A.Eu. 863; γλώσσῃ θ. S.Aj. 1142;

    ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Id.Ph. 1307

    ;

    ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων D.Prooem.32

    ; ἀνομίᾳ θ. E.IT 275; πονηρὸς εἶ καὶ θ. Ar.Eq. 181;

    θρασεῖς καὶ ἄδικοι καὶ ὑβρισταί Pl.Lg. 630b

    ;

    ἀλαζὼν ὁ θ. καὶ προσποιητικὸς ἀνδρείας Arist.EN 1115b29

    ; [ὅμοιόν τι ἔχει] ὁ θ. τῷ θαρραλέῳ ib. 1151b7; τὸ μὴ θ. modesty, A.Supp. 197: [comp] Comp.

    - ύτερος Pl.La. 184b

    , Phld.Lib.p.61 O.: [comp] Sup.

    - ύτατος Isoc.12.133

    , etc.
    III Adv.

    - έως Ar.V. 1031

    , etc.: [dialect] Aeol. [full] θροσέως Jo.Gramm. Comp.2.1: [comp] Comp. θρασύτερον too boldly, Th.8.103;

    - τέρως Phalar.Ep.34

    : [comp] Sup.

    θρασύτατα Th.8.84

     and (with v.l. -άτως) D.S.17.44: neut. as Adv.,

    ἀναιδὲς καὶ θρασὺ βλέπειν Cratin.24

     D. (I.-E. dhers- in θέρσος (older than θάρσος and θράσος), dhṛs- in θρασύς, Skt. dhṛ[snull ]ṇú- 'bold', cf. Engl. dare, durst.)

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  • 11 πατήρ

    πᾰτήρ, ὁ, gen. and dat. πατέρος, πατέρι in [dialect] Ep. and Lyr., [dialect] Att. πατρός, πατρί (which is also the commoner form in Hom., Hes., and Pi.) ; acc. always πατέρα ; voc. πάτερ: pl. πατέρες, πατέρας, πατέρων ( πατρῶν only Od.4.687, 8.245) ; dat. πατράσι [pron. full] [ᾰ] (cf. Skt. loc. pl.
    A pitṛ[snull ]u, no dat. pl. occurs in Hom. or Hes.), late [dialect] Ep.

    πατέρεσσι Q.S.10.40

     :— father, Il.1.98, etc. ; πατρὸς πατήρ grandfather, 14.118, Od.19.180, X.HG6.3.4, etc. ;

    τοῦδε κεκλῆσθαι πατρός S.Fr.86

     ; μητρὸς καλεῖσθαι παῖδα τοῦ π. παρόν ib. 564 ; τὰ πρὸς πατρός by the father's side, Hdt.7.99, cf. SIG1015.7 (Halic.), etc. ; esp. of God, the father of the Israelites, LXXDe.32.6, al. ; father of men, Ev.Matt. 6.8, al. ; father of Jesus Christ, ib.7.21,al.
    II esp. as epith. of Zeus, πατὴρ Ζεύς, π. Κρονίδης, π. ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, Il.4.235, 21.508, 1.544, al. ; Ζεὺς π. A.Th. 512, etc. ;

    Ζεῦ πάτερ καὶ θεοί Ar.Ach. 225

     ; π. Οὐρανιδᾶν Ζ. Pi.P.4.194 ;

    ὁ τῶν ἁπάντων Ζεὺς π. 'ολύμπιος S.Tr. 275

    , etc.
    III respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself,

    ξεὶνε πάτερ Od.7.28

    ,48,8.145, cf. POxy. 1296.15 (iii A. D.), etc. ; in addressing an elder brother, UPZ65.3 (ii B.C.).
    IV metaph., father, author,

    ἀοιδᾶν π... εὐαίνητος 'ορφεύς Pi.P.4.176

     ; Χρόνος ὁ πάντων π. Id.O.2.17, cf. Pl.Ti. 41a ; τοῦ λόγου π. Id.Smp. 177d, cf. Phdr. 257b, etc. ; ὁ π. τῶν φώτων, i.e. God, the father of the stars, Ep.Jac.1.17 ; οἱ π. τῶν ἀτόμων the authors of the atomic theory, Gal.1.246 ; of capital,

    τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκγόνους τόκους Pl.R. 555e

    .
    V title of a grade in the mysteries of Mithras, IG14.1272, etc.
    VI π. πατρίδος, = Lat. pater patriae, Plu.Cic.23, BGU1074.1 (i A. D.), IG7.2713.33 (Acraeph., i A. D.), etc. ; similarly, π. τῆς πόλεως ib.5(1).1417.11 ([place name] Methone).
    VII in pl.,
    2 parents, D.S.21.17, Alciphr.3.40, Epigr.Gr. 227 ([place name] Teos).
    3 parentnation, opp. colonists, Hdt.7.51, 8.22, Plu.Them.9. (Cf. Skt. pitár-, Lat. pater, etc.)

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  • 12 πολέμιος

    πολέμ-ιος, α, ον, also ος, ον E.Supp. 1192, Ar.Av. 344 (lyr.):—
    A of or belonging to war,

    κάματοι Pi.P.2.19

    ;

    ὅπλα

     Expl.Arch. de Délos

    11.140

    ;

    τὰ π.

     war and its business,

    Hdt.5.78

    , Th.4.80 (s.v.l.), etc.;

    παρασκευάζεσθαι τὰ π. Id.1.18

    .
    II more freq. of or like an enemy, hostile,

    ἄνδρες Pi. P.1.80

    ;

    χείρ Id.N.4.55

    ;

    χθών A.Th. 588

    ; δόρυ ib. 216, etc.;

    ἄνδρα π. ἐχθρόν τε S.Ph. 1302

    ; π. δυσμενῆ τε ib. 1323; π. τινί hostile to one, Hdt.1.4, E.Hec. 1138;

    π. πῦρ νεύροις Hp.Art.11

    .
    b freq. as Subst., enemy, Hdt.1.87, Pi.P.1.15, etc.;

    οἱ π.

     the enemy,

    Th.1.84

    , 2.43, etc.
    c τὸ φύσει π. natural hostility, Id.4.60; τὸ π. τῶν Ἀθηναίων towards them, Id.5.11.
    2 generally, opposed, adverse,

    δύο.. ἐόντα -ώτατα Hdt. 7.47

    ; δύο.. ἔτι πολεμιώτερα (sc. γῆ καὶ θάλασσα) ib.49;

    τὸ ἔλαιον ταῖς θριξὶ -ώτατον ταῖς τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων

     most hurtful,

    Pl.Prt. 334b

    ;

    πολεμία ἡ ὀσμὴ τοῖς ὄφεσιν Arist.HA 612a29

    .
    III of or from the enemy,

    φόβος A.Th. 270

    ;

    φρυκτοί Th.2.94

    ;

    φίλια καὶ π. ναυάγια Lys.2.38

    ;

    τριήρεις IG22.29.15

    ; πολέμια, τά, enemy's wares, contraband, Ar.Ach. 912; ἡ π. (sc. γῆ, χώρα) the enemy's country, X.Cyr.3.3.16, etc., cf. S.Aj. 819.
    IV Adv. - ίως in hostile manner,

    φιλίως, οὐ π. Th.3.65

    , cf. 66, etc.;

    π. ἔχειν τινί X.Cyn.7.11

    : [comp] Sup.

    -ιώτατα, διακείμενος SIG741.19

     (Epist. Mithrid., i B.C.).— πολέμιος is older than πολεμικός, being always used by Pi. and Trag., and mostly by Hdt. and Th.; in X. and later writers, πολέμιος is mostly used in the sense of hostile, πολεμικός in that of warlike, skilled in war.

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  • 13 προσέληνος

    A before the moon, older than the moon, a name given to the Arcadians, as priding themselves on their antiquity, Arist.Fr. 591, Hippys 2, Plu. 2.282a, Sch.A.R.4.264; expld. by other Gramm.as = ὑβριστικός (cf. προυσελέω), cf. EM690.11: ὁ προυσέληνος,= ὁ Αρκάς, Call.Iamb.1.121.
    II π. ἡμέραι the days before the new moon appears, Gp.1.6.2.

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  • 14 χίμαρος

    χίμᾰρος [pron. full] [ῐ], ὁ,
    A he-goat, Ar.Eq. 661, Schwyzer784a1 (Tenos, iv B. C.), Theoc.Ep.4.15, AP6.190.10 (Gaet.): a young he-goat, older than ἔριφος, Ar.Byz. ap. Eust.1625.33;

    χ. ἐξ αἰγῶν

     kid,

    LXX Le.4.23

    ;

    χ. ἐρυθρός Berl.Sitzb.1927.156

     ([place name] Cyrene).
    II fem. = χίμαιρα, Theoc.1.6, Epigr.6.3, AP6.157 (Theodorid.), 9.403 (Maec.). (Cogn. with χεῖμα, χειμών, lit. 'one winter old', cf. Lat. bīmus (fr. *b[icaron]-h[icaron]mus, cf. Skt. himás 'winter').)

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  • 15 βλασφημέω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `speak profanely, evil of, slander' (Arist.).
    Derivatives: βλασφημία (Democr.). βλάσφημος `evil-speaking' is rare and late (D.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: βλασφημέω and βλασφημία seem older than βλάσφημος. which reminds of ἀνδραγαθία (from ἀνηρ ἀγαθός) etc., cf. Schwyzer 726; the second element seems φήμη, the first is uncertain ( βλάβος, μέλεος etc.). - Cf. the synonymous κερτομέω, λοιδορέω (s. vv.) which also have no etym. - On Mod.Gr. βλαστημῶ CEG 5
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  • 16 κοῖλος

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: `hollow, hollowed out, spacious, deep' (Il.).
    Other forms: κόϊλος, s. below
    Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. κοιλο-γάστωρ `with a hollow belly, greedy' (A.; on the formation Sommer Nominalkomp. 150).
    Derivatives: A. Substant.: 1. κοιλία f. `abdomen, belly, hollow of the body in gen.' (IA.) with κοιλιώδης `belly-like' (Arist.), κοιλιακός `blonging to the belly, suffer from diseases of the belly' (Plu., medic.), κοιλιτική ( νόσος) `disease of the belly' ( Cat. Cod. Astr.); diminut. κοιλίδιον (Str.). 2. κοιλάς f. `hollow, ravine' (hell.), adj. f. `hollow' (Tryph. Ep.). 3. κοιλότης `hollow' (Arist.). 4. κοιλίσκος m. `hollow, scoop-shaped knife' (medic.; cf. γραφίσκος and other names of instruments in Chantraine Formation 408). 5. and 6. κοίλωμα (Arist., hell.), κοίλωσις (Hp.) `hollowing, deepening', cf. κοιλόομαι below. - B. Adjectives (to τὸ κοῖλον `hollow, cavity'): 1. κοιλώδης `rich in cavities' (Babr.). 2. κοιλαῖος = κοῖλος (Gal.). - C. Verbs: 1. κοιλαίνω, κοιλᾶναι (- ῆναι), κεκοίλασμαι `hollow out' (IA.) with κοίλανσις (Alex. Aphr.), κοίλασμα (LXX, Hero), κοιλασία (Hero), 2. κοιλόομαι, only in κεκοιλωμένος `hollowed' (D. S., Dsc.); κοίλωμα, κοίλωσις, if not directly from κοῖλος, s. above.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [592] *ḱeu(H)-? `hollow, deep' ??
    Etymology: From the sometimes threesyllabic κόϊλος (in Hom. always possible except χ 385, at verse-beginning; Meister HK 50, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 28) follows a basis *κόϜιλος, which can be connected as λ-deriv. with κόοι τὰ χάσματα τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ κοιλώματα H. and Lat. cavus `hollow' from *kou̯os; beside it MIr. cūa `hollow' \< *ḱou̯-ios. If the connection κοῖλος = Alb. thelë `deep' (\< IE *ḱou̯ilos) is correct (Pedersen KZ 36, 332), the formation is older than Greek. Cognate l-derivv. are Arm. soyl `cavity' (\< IE. *ḱeu-lo-) and κύλα; s. v. More on the formation Benveniste Origines 41f., where a noun in -il is supposed as basis, and Specht Ursprung 130, who starts from an i-stem, referring to the hapax κοιφόν κοῖλον (prob. for κυφόν). - S. also κῶος, κώθων, κύαρ; further W.-Hofmann s. cavus.
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  • 17 λάβρος

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: `furious, boisterous, violent, fierce' (Ion. poet., late prose).
    Compounds: Some compp., e. g. λαβρ-αγόρης `fierce boaster' (Ψ 479; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2,94f.), κατά-λαβρος `very furious' (Eup. 293; after κατα-λαβεῖν?).
    Derivatives: Two fish-names: λάβρᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. `bass, Labrax lupus' (Alc., com.; Chantraine Formation 381, Björck Alpha impurum 262, Strömberg Fischnamen 34 f.; Thompson Fishes s. v.) with λαβράκιον (com.); λάβριχος (Böot., IIa); s. Lacroix Mél. Boisacq 2, 51. Abstracts: λαβροσύνη `furiousness, fierce arguing' (AP, Opp.; Wyss - συνη 71), λαβρότης `id.' (Ath.) with λαβροσιάων χορτασμοῦ ἀκόσμου H. Denomin. verbs: 1. λαβρεύομαι `discuss furiously' (Ψ 474 a. 478), prob. after ἀγορεύω (Risch 282 f.; acc. to Debrunner Mus. Helv.2,199 rather after μωμεύω, ἐπι-λωβεύω); 2. λαβρόομαι `rush violently' (Lyc.); 3. λαβράζω = λαβρεύομαι a. λαβρόομαι (Nic., Lyc.) with λαβράκτης = λαβραγόρης (Pratin. Lyr.5); 4. λαβρύσσει λαβρεύει, δειλαίνει (?) H.; cf. λαφύσσω a.o. (Debrunner IF 21, 244).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: Of old connected with λαβεῖν, λάζομαι (improbable). Diff. suggestion by Schulze KZ 42, 233 (= Kl. Schr. 372): to Lat. rabies with old dissimilation (Schwyzer 258) like ἄκρος: aciēs, μακρός, macer: maciēs etc. The dissimilation would have to be older than the proth. vowel before ρ-; (improbable); cf. Bq s. v. Fur. compares λαμυρός `gluttonous' (208), λαφύσσω `swallow' (177), λαῦρος f.l. for λάβρος (242); uncertain. If λαβραξ is typical, it seems Pre-Greek.
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  • 18 κτίσις

    κτίσις, εως, ἡ (s. prec. and two next entries; Pind.+).
    ① act of creation, creation (Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 11]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 33 κ. τοῦ κόσμου; 6, 55, 1; Did., Gen. 24, 4): ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου since the creation of the world Ro 1:20 (cp. PsSol 8, 7; ApcSed 8:10; Jos., Bell. 4, 533). The Son of God was σύμβουλος τῷ πατρὶ τῆς κτίσεως αὐτοῦ counselor to the Father in his creative work Hs 9, 12, 2.
    ② the result of a creative act, that which is created (EpArist 136; 139; TestReub 2:9).
    ⓐ of individual things or beings created, creature (Tob 8:5, 15) created thing τὶς κ. ἑτέρα any other creature Ro 8:39. οὐκ ἔστιν κ. ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ no creature is hidden from (God’s) sight Hb 4:13. πᾶν γένος τῆς κ. τοῦ κυρίου every kind of creature that the Lord made Hs 9, 1, 8; πᾶσα κ. every created thing (cp. Jdth 9:12) MPol 14:1. Of Christ πρωτότοκος πάσης κ. Col 1:15. Of the name of God ἀρχέγονον πάσης κ. 1 Cl 59:3. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον … τὸ κηρυχθὲν ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει the gospel … which has been preached to every creature (here limited to human beings) Col 1:23.—Pl. (En 18:1) δοξάζειν τὰς κτίσεις τοῦ θεοῦ praise the created works of God Hv 1, 1, 3.—The Christian is described by Paul as καινὴ κ. a new creature 2 Cor 5:17, and the state of being in the new faith by the same words as a new creation Gal 6:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 18, 373 καιναὶ κτίσεις). S. on ἐκλογή end.
    ⓑ the sum total of everything created, creation, world (ApcMos 32; SibOr 5, 152; ὁρωμένη κ. Did., Gen. 1 B, 6; 13 A, 2) ἡ κ. αὐτοῦ Hv 1, 3, 4. ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς κ. at the beginning of the world B 15:3; ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κ. from the beginning of the world Mk 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4. Likew. Mk 10:6; πᾶσα ἡ κ. the whole creation (Jdth 16:14; Ps 104:21 v.l.; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32], B 12 p. 116, 31 [St. p. 80]; TestLevi 4:1; TestNapht 2:3; ParJer 9:6; PGM 12, 85) Hv 3, 4, 1; m 12, 4, 2; Hs 5, 6, 5; 9, 14, 5; 9, 23, 4; 9, 25, 1. The whole world is full of God’s glory 1 Cl 34:6. ἀόργητος ὑπάρχει πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν αὐτοῦ 19:3. ὁ υἱὸς τ. θεοῦ πάσης τ. κτίσεως αὐτοῦ προγενέστερός ἐστιν the Son of God is older than all his creation Hs 9, 12, 2. πᾶσα ἡ κ. limited to humankind Mk 16:15; Hm 7:5. Also ἡ κτίσις τῶν ἀνθρώπων D 16:5.—αὕτη ἡ κ. this world (earthly in contrast to heavenly) Hb 9:11.—κ. the creation, what was created in contrast to the Creator (Wsd 16:24) Ro 1:25 (EpArist 139 θεὸν σεβόμενοι παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν).—Of Christ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ θεοῦ Rv 3:14 (s. ἀρχή 3).—The mng. of κτ. is in dispute in Ro 8:19–22, though the pass. is usu. taken to mean the waiting of the whole creation below the human level (animate and inanimate—so, e.g., OCullmann, Christ and Time [tr. FFilson] ’50, 103).—HBiedermann, D. Erlösg. der Schöpfung beim Ap. Pls. ’40.
    ③ system of established authority that is the result of some founding action, governance system, authority system. Corresponding to 1, κτίσις is also the act by which an authoritative or governmental body is created (ins in CB I/2, 468 no. 305 [I A.D.]: founding of the Gerousia [Senate]. Somewhat comparable, of the founding of a city: Scymnus Chius vs. 89 κτίσεις πόλεων). But then, in accordance with 2, it is prob. also the result of the act, the institution or authority itself 1 Pt 2:13 (Diod S 11, 60, 2 has κτίστης as the title of a high official. Cp. νομοθεσία in both meanings: 1. lawgiving, legislation; 2. the result of an action, i.e. law.) To a Hellene a well-ordered society was primary (s. Aristot., Pol. 1, 1, 1, 1252). It was understood that the function of government was to maintain such a society, and the moral objective described in vs. 14 is in keeping with this goal.—BBrinkman, ‘Creation’ and ‘Creature’ I, Bijdragen (Nijmegen) 18, ’57, 129–39, also 359–74; GLampe, The NT Doctrine of κτίσις, SJT 17, ’64, 449–62.—DELG s.v. κτίζω. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κτίσις

  • 19 καί

    καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.
    ① marker of connections, and
    ⓐ single words
    α. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).
    β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.
    γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.
    δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).
    ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.
    ⓑ clauses and sentences
    α. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).
    β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.
    γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.
    δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.
    ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.
    ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).
    η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.
    θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).
    ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.
    ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.
    ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.
    ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.
    ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.
    ② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.
    ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).
    ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.
    ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).
    ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.
    ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.
    ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.
    ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.
    α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.
    β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).
    ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.
    ⓘ with other particles
    α. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.
    β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.
    γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).
    δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καί

  • 20 Ποσειδῶν

    Ποσειδῶν, -ῶνος Ruijgh REG 80(1967)6-16 Lampas 1.4 99f
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `Poseidon' (Att.).
    Dialectal forms: Myc. Posedao, dat. -ne.
    Derivatives: Beside it ep. poet. Ποσειδάων, - άωνος, Ion. - έων, lyr., also Cret., Epid., Arc. a.o. inscr. Ποσειδάν, Arc. also Ποσοιδάν, from where Lac. Ποhοιδάν (on the acc. Hdn. 2, 914 a. 916). With - τ- in Dor. forms from diff. areas: Ποτειδά(Ϝ)ων, - δάν, also (Dor. a. Att. com.) Ποτ(ε)ιδᾶς; further also (Aeol.?) Ποτοιδαν (Pergam. Va). -- From it 1. Ποσειδώνιος (also as PN), - δαώνιος, - δάνιος, Ποτειδάνιος `consecrated to P.', esp. - ιον n. `temple of P.' 2. Ποσιδήϊος (ep. Ion. beside Aeol. Ποσειδάων, metr. condit.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 20), - δεῖος, - δαῖος, - ιον n. `id.', Myc. Posidaijo, with Ποσιδηϊών, - δεών IA. Monthname. 3. Ποτείδαια f. name of a Corinth. colony on Chalkidike. 4. Ποτιδάϊχος Boeot. PN (Bechtel Dial. 1, 267).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: From Ποτειδά̄Ϝων (like Μαχά̄-ων, Άρετά-ων a.o.; Schwyzer 521) arose through contraction - δῶν, - δάν; beside it - δᾶς; cf. Έρμ-άων, - άν, - έας, - ῆς (Kretschmer Glotta 9, 217). The adj. Ποσιδήϊος prob. rather after Όδυσήϊος, Νηλήϊος a.o. than (with Schwyzer 271) from an unatt. *Ποσιδᾶς. The assibilated forms must be generalized from Ποσι- beside older Ποτει-. -- God of the waters (rivers, sources, of the sea). The name is not certainly interpreted. Already by Fick Curt. Stud. 8, 307 explained as univerbation of a voc. *Πότει Δᾶς `o Lord (spouse) of Da, i.e. the earth' (s. Δήμητηρ), an interpretation, which was accepted by Hoffmann and esp. by Kretschmer several times (e.g. Glotta 1, 27 f., 382f.; 13, 245; 22, 255, Wien. Stud. 24, 523ff.) argued and presented with consent of several scholars (Schulze, v. Wilamowitz [s. Schwyzer 271], Mayrhofer AnzAltWiss. 5 [1952] 59 ff., Schachermeyr Poseidon und die Entstehung des griech. Götterglaubens [Bern 1950] 13 ff., Schwyzer 446 a. 572). Ποσι- was then taken as a younger form of the voc., Ποτοι- sometimes (e.g. Schwyzer l.c.) explained as old ablaut-form (rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 1, 383). -- Rejection or doubt by Bechtel Dial. 1, 64f., Fraenkel Lexis 3, 50 ff., thus by several other scholars, who proposed instead other, certainly not better hypotheses: Ehrlich Betonung 81 ff. (to ποταμός and οἶδμα; by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 294 rejected); Heubeck IF 64, 225 ff. (to πόντος and δαῆναι); Carnoy Les ét. class. 22, 342 (2. member to Skt. dā́nu- `drop, dew'). Older attempts w. rich lit. in Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 445 w. n. 2 a. 3. -- Ruijgh REG 80(1967)6-16 concludes that Pre-Greek origin remains a possibility, which seems to me the most probable conclusion. I would posit a form *patyaitūn, with a pronounced [o] after labial, with ai pronounded as [ei] as often, and with ū = ω; but I found no confirmation of this reconstruction.
    Page in Frisk: 2,583-584

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ποσειδῶν

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